8 - When Is ‘Techno-talk’ a Fatal Distraction? ICT in Contemporary Development Discourse on Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Jimi O. Adesina
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 31 No 3 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on Electoral Politic
Résumé
Ces deux dernières décennies et demie ont vu la résurgence d’une forme de pensée caractéristique de la néo-modernisation, très visible à travers l’imaginaire de la modernité dont est imprégné le discours contemporain dominant sur le développement africain. Le débat sur les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) est devenu un symbole de cette mentalité du développement ainsi que la supposée solution aux problèmes de développement de l’Afrique. Cet article affirme que même si les TIC offrent d’énormes potentialités, leur usage au sein de l’actuel discours dominant sur le développement conduit à un amalgame entre l’apparence et l’essence du phénomène du développement. Ils n’apportent pas d’explication appropriée à la nature multidimensionnelle de la crise de développement qui s’est accrue ces vingt-cinq dernières années. Pire, les TIC risquent de reproduire les mêmes éléments d’une croissance malsaine qui avaient été identifiés lors des deux premières décennies de l’expérience de développement post-colonial. En fermant les yeux sur les vingt-cinq années de vivisectomie néolibérale qui ont rendu plus aiguë la crise de développement de l’Afrique, le techno-discours sur les TIC risque fort de nous mettre de la poudre aux yeux. Les TIC sont en passe de nous distraire fatalement de l’essentiel, car le discours sur lequel ces technologies sont basées risque fort de divertir notre attention des éléments clés de cette vivisection et de ses conséquences. Afin de mieux repenser le développement de l’Afrique, il faudrait rassembler les pièces du puzzle: rétablir une relation entre la crise de développement et l’endettement, la dépendance envers l’aide extérieure, le retrait du domaine de la politique (sociale) publique et la dissonance entre les objectifs de développement régional et les régimes commerciaux actuels. Nous nous inspirons de la crise au sein de l’enseignement supérieur africain, afin d’illustrer ceci, de même que l’impératif d’endogénéité.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adesina, Jimi O., 1994, Labour in the Explanation of an African Crisis, Dakar: CODESRIA
- Adesina, Jimi O., 2004a, ‘NEPAD and the Challenge of Africa’s Development: Towards the Political
- Economy of a Discourse’, Society in Transition, Journal of the South African Sociological Association, Vol. 35, No.1.
- Adesina, Jimi O., 2004b, ‘Africa’s Encounter with Neo-liberalism: From Development crisis to
- tragedy’, Paper presented at the IDEAS Conference on The Economics of the New Imperialism,
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 22-24 January.
- Adesina, J., Graham, Y., & Olukoshi, A., eds., 2006, Africa’s Development Challenges in the New
- Millennium, London: ZED Books/CODESRIA Books. Adesina, Jimi O., 2006a, ‘Development and the
- Challenge of Poverty: NEPAD, post-Washington Consensus and beyond’, [2002] in Adesina, J., Graham, Y.,
- & Olukoshi, A., eds., 2006, Africa’s Development Challenges in the New Millennium, London: ZED
- Books/CODESRIA Books.
- Adesina, Jimi O., 2006b, ‘Beyond Silence and Forgetting: Africa’s Experience with Regional
- Development Frameworks’, Africa Development (forthcoming).
- Allen, David, 1997, ‘Current Status of Telesurgery’, Telemedicine Today, June, (www.telemedtoday.com)
- Amin, Samir, 1974, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment, New
- York: Monthly Review Press.
- Amin, Samir, 1990, Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure, Zed Books: London.
- BBC, 2002, ‘Connecting the villages’ (Monday 17 June) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/
- hi/world/south_asia/2044878.stm.
- Bond, Patrick, 2004, Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neo-liberalism in South Africa, London: Pluto Press.
- Brower, Vicki, 2002, ‘The Cutting Edge in Surgery’, EMBO Reports Vol. 31, No. 4,pp. 300-301.
- Cashdan, Ben (Director, Producer), 2001, ‘Two Trevors Go to Washington’,
- Documentary, Johannesburg (http://go.to/two.trevors).
- Chang, Ha-Joon, 2001, ‘Breaking the Mould: an Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the
- Neo-liberal Theory of the Market and the State’, Paper No.6 (Social Policy and Development,
- PP-SPD-6), Geneva, UNRISD.
- Chasia, Henry, 2002, ‘The NEPAD ICT Programme and the role of the UN ICT Task Force’, A
- presentation to the UN ICT Task Force meeting in New York, 30 September (Power Point).
- Court, David, 2000, ‘Financing Higher Education in Africa: Makerere, the Quiet Revolution in
- Education’, Perspectives in Education, Vol. 19, No. 3.
- Ebam-Etta, Florence and Sheila Parvyn-Wamahiu, eds., 2003, Information and Communication
- Technologies for Development in Africa: The Experience with Community Telecentres, Volume 2,
- Ottawa/Dakar: IDRC/CODESRIA.
- Eicher, J.C., 1984, Educational Costing and Financing in Developing Countries: Focus on Sub-Saharan
- Africa, Washington DC: World Bank.
- Escobar, Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World,
- Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- IMF, 2001, ‘Nigeria: 2001 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report, Staff Statement and Public
- Information Notice of the Executive Board Discussion’, Washington DC, IMF.
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2004, African Telecommunication Indicators 2004,
- Geneva/Cairo, ITU/ATU.
- Krugman, P., 1993, ‘Towards a Counter-Counterrevolution in Development Economics’, in Proceedings
- of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1992, (Supplement to the World Bank
- Economic Review and the World Bank Observer) pp.15-38.
- Lipton, Michael, 1997, Why poor People Stay Poor: A Study of Urban Bias in World Development,
- London: Temple Smith.
- Mkandawire, T., 1995, ‘Beyond Crisis: Towards Democratic Development State’, 8th CODESRIA General
- Assembly, Dakar, 26 June 2 July (processed).
- Mkandawire, T., 2001, ‘Social Policy in a Development Context. Social Policy and Development’,
- Paper No.7, Geneva, UNRISD.
- Mkandawire, T., 2004, ‘Governance: The Itinerary of an Idea’, D+C Development and Cooperation,
- Vol.31, No.10 (October).
- MTN Group Limited, 2004, ‘Summary of the audited results for the year ended 31 March 2004 and
- dividend declaration’, Johannesburg, MTN (www.mtn.co.za). Musisi, Nakanyike B., and Nansozi K
- Muwanga, 2001, ‘Makerere University in Transition, 1993-2000: opportunities and challenges’, The
- Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (www.foundation-partnership.org/case_studies/makerere.php).
- National Science Foundation (NSF), 2002, ‘Telemedicine Link with South Pole Allows Remote Knee
- Surgery’ (NSF Press Release, NSF PR 2-61, 17 July; www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/pro261.html).
- NEPAD, 2004, Newsletter Issue 69, 4 November (NEPAD Secretariat, electronic
- version).
Les références
Adesina, Jimi O., 1994, Labour in the Explanation of an African Crisis, Dakar: CODESRIA
Adesina, Jimi O., 2004a, ‘NEPAD and the Challenge of Africa’s Development: Towards the Political
Economy of a Discourse’, Society in Transition, Journal of the South African Sociological Association, Vol. 35, No.1.
Adesina, Jimi O., 2004b, ‘Africa’s Encounter with Neo-liberalism: From Development crisis to
tragedy’, Paper presented at the IDEAS Conference on The Economics of the New Imperialism,
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 22-24 January.
Adesina, J., Graham, Y., & Olukoshi, A., eds., 2006, Africa’s Development Challenges in the New
Millennium, London: ZED Books/CODESRIA Books. Adesina, Jimi O., 2006a, ‘Development and the
Challenge of Poverty: NEPAD, post-Washington Consensus and beyond’, [2002] in Adesina, J., Graham, Y.,
& Olukoshi, A., eds., 2006, Africa’s Development Challenges in the New Millennium, London: ZED
Books/CODESRIA Books.
Adesina, Jimi O., 2006b, ‘Beyond Silence and Forgetting: Africa’s Experience with Regional
Development Frameworks’, Africa Development (forthcoming).
Allen, David, 1997, ‘Current Status of Telesurgery’, Telemedicine Today, June, (www.telemedtoday.com)
Amin, Samir, 1974, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment, New
York: Monthly Review Press.
Amin, Samir, 1990, Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure, Zed Books: London.
BBC, 2002, ‘Connecting the villages’ (Monday 17 June) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/
hi/world/south_asia/2044878.stm.
Bond, Patrick, 2004, Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neo-liberalism in South Africa, London: Pluto Press.
Brower, Vicki, 2002, ‘The Cutting Edge in Surgery’, EMBO Reports Vol. 31, No. 4,pp. 300-301.
Cashdan, Ben (Director, Producer), 2001, ‘Two Trevors Go to Washington’,
Documentary, Johannesburg (http://go.to/two.trevors).
Chang, Ha-Joon, 2001, ‘Breaking the Mould: an Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the
Neo-liberal Theory of the Market and the State’, Paper No.6 (Social Policy and Development,
PP-SPD-6), Geneva, UNRISD.
Chasia, Henry, 2002, ‘The NEPAD ICT Programme and the role of the UN ICT Task Force’, A
presentation to the UN ICT Task Force meeting in New York, 30 September (Power Point).
Court, David, 2000, ‘Financing Higher Education in Africa: Makerere, the Quiet Revolution in
Education’, Perspectives in Education, Vol. 19, No. 3.
Ebam-Etta, Florence and Sheila Parvyn-Wamahiu, eds., 2003, Information and Communication
Technologies for Development in Africa: The Experience with Community Telecentres, Volume 2,
Ottawa/Dakar: IDRC/CODESRIA.
Eicher, J.C., 1984, Educational Costing and Financing in Developing Countries: Focus on Sub-Saharan
Africa, Washington DC: World Bank.
Escobar, Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World,
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
IMF, 2001, ‘Nigeria: 2001 Article IV Consultation, Staff Report, Staff Statement and Public
Information Notice of the Executive Board Discussion’, Washington DC, IMF.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2004, African Telecommunication Indicators 2004,
Geneva/Cairo, ITU/ATU.
Krugman, P., 1993, ‘Towards a Counter-Counterrevolution in Development Economics’, in Proceedings
of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1992, (Supplement to the World Bank
Economic Review and the World Bank Observer) pp.15-38.
Lipton, Michael, 1997, Why poor People Stay Poor: A Study of Urban Bias in World Development,
London: Temple Smith.
Mkandawire, T., 1995, ‘Beyond Crisis: Towards Democratic Development State’, 8th CODESRIA General
Assembly, Dakar, 26 June 2 July (processed).
Mkandawire, T., 2001, ‘Social Policy in a Development Context. Social Policy and Development’,
Paper No.7, Geneva, UNRISD.
Mkandawire, T., 2004, ‘Governance: The Itinerary of an Idea’, D+C Development and Cooperation,
Vol.31, No.10 (October).
MTN Group Limited, 2004, ‘Summary of the audited results for the year ended 31 March 2004 and
dividend declaration’, Johannesburg, MTN (www.mtn.co.za). Musisi, Nakanyike B., and Nansozi K
Muwanga, 2001, ‘Makerere University in Transition, 1993-2000: opportunities and challenges’, The
Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (www.foundation-partnership.org/case_studies/makerere.php).
National Science Foundation (NSF), 2002, ‘Telemedicine Link with South Pole Allows Remote Knee
Surgery’ (NSF Press Release, NSF PR 2-61, 17 July; www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/pro261.html).
NEPAD, 2004, Newsletter Issue 69, 4 November (NEPAD Secretariat, electronic
version).