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Articles · Vol. 48 No. 3 (2023): Africa Development
The Impact of Structural Violence on Women’s Capacity to Fully Participate at Candidate and Electoral Management Levels in Zimbabwe
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v48i3.5317
- Published 2024-05-28
Abstract
This article focuses on ‘hidden’ institutional violence, also known as structural violence, and gender divisions in electoral processes in Zimbabwe. Structural violence occurs when one category of people is accorded an unequal status in relation to other categories of people. The main argument presented in the paper is that, in Zimbabwe, structural violence renders the implementation of gender equality in electoral governance nugatory. Political party structures and systems are designed and conveniently used to exclude women from political participation. The article analyses selected cases involving women’s involvement at the candidate and electoral management level. The study made use of interviews, particularly key informant interviews, and semi- structured interviews, as its main data-gathering methods. Focus group discussions were also utilised. The findings revealed that a myriad of structural and institutionalised constraints prevent women in Zimbabwe from fully participating in political and electoral processes. These institutionalised structures have a disproportionately negative impact on women’s political ambitions compared to men’s. The article concludes that promoting gender equality in the area of politics and decision-making as well as in society as a whole is a long and complex process. Any initiatives to remedy these inequalities must be strategic and long-term oriented.
The Impact of Structural Violence on Women’s Capacity to Fully Participate at Candidate and Electoral Management Levels in Zimbabwe
Cet article porte sur la violence institutionnelle « cachée », également connue sous le nom de violence structurelle, et les divisions entre les sexes dans les processus électoraux au Zimbabwe. La violence structurelle se produit lorsqu’une catégorie de personnes se voit accorder un statut différent de celui d’autres catégories de personnes. L’argument principal présenté dans le document est qu’au Zimbabwe, la violence structurelle rend inopérante la mise en œuvre de l’égalité des sexes dans la gouvernance électorale. Les structures et les partis politiques sont conçus et opportunément utilisés pour exclure les femmes de la participation politique. Le document analyse une sélection de cas de participation des femmes tant dans les candidatures que dans la gestion électorale. Comme principales méthodes de collecte de données, l’étude a utilisé des entretiens, en particulier avec des informateurs clés, et des entretiens semi-structurés. Des discussions de groupe ont également été mises à contribution. Les résultats ont révélé qu’une myriade de contraintes structurelles et institutionnalisées empêchent les femmes au Zimbabwe de participer pleinement aux processus politiques et électoraux. Ces structures institutionnalisées ont un impact négatif disproportionné sur les ambitions politiques quand on les compare à celles des hommes. Le document conclut que la promotion de l’égalité des sexes dans le domaine de la politique et des instances décisionnelles ainsi que dans la société dans son ensemble est un processus long et complexe. Toute initiative visant à remédier à ces inégalités doit être stratégique et orientée dans le long terme.
Keywords
women gender equality structural violence political participation
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