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Articles · Vol. 42 No. 2 (2017): Africa Development: Special Issue on Study on Oblique Identity Dynamics
From Subalterns to Independent Actors? Youth, Social Media and the Fuel Subsidy Protests of January 2012 in Nigeria
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v42i2.774
- Published 2017-12-03
Abstract
This article explores issues around the changing nature of social networks and social movements involving youth in Nigeria. Using the youth-driven 2012 fuel subsidy protests, the article raises two fundamental questions. First, do the youth-led protests represent a genuine shift for the youth from being mere subalterns to neo-patrimonial power groups to a more assertive role, which seeks to challenge the power structure in the country, or are they simply frustrated expressions of marginality? Second, in what ways have social media affected social networks and movements and their capacity for mobilization in Nigeria? It appears that the bourgeoning youth population in Nigeria has led to a realization by youth groups of their power to substantially affect the course and conduct of governance in the country. On 1 January 2012, the Nigerian government unilaterally decided to remove the subsidy on petrol leading to a 120 per cent increase in the price of the product. The move provided opportunities for youth resistance through social media. This article uses insights from this protest to explore these questions and show the fluid nature of youth social networks and movements.
From Subalterns to Independent Actors? Youth, Social Media and the Fuel Subsidy Protests of January 2012 in Nigeria
Cet article explore les problèmes liés à la nature changeante des réseaux sociaux et des mouvements sociaux impliquant les jeunes au Nigeria. Se fondant sur les manifestations contre la suppression des subventions du carburant de 2012 menées par les jeunes, le présent article soulève deux questions fondamentales. Tout d’abord, les manifestations dirigées par les jeunes représentent-elles un véritable changement pour la jeunesse qui s’émancipe de son statut de subalterne des groupes de pouvoir néo-patrimoniaux pour assumer un rôle plus affirmé visant à contester la structure du pouvoir dans le pays, ou sont-ils simplement des expressions frustrées de marginalité ? Deuxièmement, de quelle manière les médias sociaux ont-ils affecté les réseaux et les mouvements sociaux et leur capacité de mobilisation au Nigeria ? Il semble que la population jeune en pleine croissance au Nigeria ait conduit les groupes de jeunes à se rendre compte de leur pouvoir d’affecter de manière substantielle le cours et la conduite de la gouvernance dans le pays. Le 1er janvier 2012, le gouvernement nigérian a décidé unilatéralement de supprimer la subvention de l’essence, entraînant ainsi une augmentation de 120 pour cent du prix du produit. Cette mesure a offert à la jeunesse des possibilités de résistance par le biais des médias sociaux. Le présent article se fonde sur cette manifestation pour examiner ces questions et montrer la nature fluide des réseaux et des mouvements sociaux des jeunes.
Keywords
Youth Social media violence 2012 fuel subsidy protests Nigeria
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