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Articles · Vol. 45 No. 1 (2020): Africa Development
Understanding Shifts in Nigeria’s Trade Policy: From Realism to Protectionism
- DOI https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v45i1.656
- Published 2020-11-30
Abstract
The reluctance of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, to sign two major international trade liberalisation agreements in 2018 shocked many local and international observers. However, these trade policy postures were not unexpected. Undiscerned by many analysts, many subtle changes had happened to Nigeria’s international co-operation architecture and foreign economic policy in a seemingly incoherent manner. In addition, the premise for expecting Nigeria to automatically consent to both agreements was faulty for two main reasons. First, the pretext of connectivity and market access as the underlying rationale for both agreements was allegedly hinged on the fallacy of composition, with the assumption that the whole was greater than the sum of its parts. This pretext was increasingly questioned by the influential, organised private sector in Nigeria, which had shifted from the altruistic foreign policy tenets of the 1970s to insulation from negative externalities of trade. Second, Nigeria’s trade posture was erroneously considered separately from its foreign economic policy posture, which was increasingly hinged on beneficial concentricism and regaining internal capabilities. In this new dispensation, with a focus on strategic trade policy underpinned by economic pragmatism, understanding shifts in the domestic balance of power is critical to predicting Nigeria’s trade policy responses.
Understanding Shifts in Nigeria’s Trade Policy: From Realism to Protectionism
En 2018, la réticence du Nigéria, la plus grande économie d’Afrique, à signer deux accords majeurs de libéralisation du commerce international a choqué nombre d’observateurs locaux et internationaux. Cependant, ces positions de politique commerciale n'étaient pas inattendues. A l’insu de nombreux analystes, plusieurs changements subtils avaient, d'une manière qui semblait incohérente, été portés à l'architecture de coopération internationale et à la politique économique étrangère du Nigéria. En outre, l'hypothèse du consentement automatique du Nigéria aux deux accords était erronée pour deux raisons principales. Premièrement, le prétexte de connectivité et d'accès aux marchés comme justification sous-jacente des deux accords reposait sur le caractère fallacieux de la composition, qui veut que l'ensemble soit plus important que la somme de ses parties. Ce prétexte a été de plus en plus remis en question par l’influent et organisé secteur privé du Nigéria, qui était passé des principes altruistes de politique étrangère des années 70 à la protection face aux externalités négatives du commerce. Deuxièmement, la position commerciale du Nigéria a, à tort, été considérée en dehors de sa politique économique étrangère, qui reposait de plus en plus sur un « concentrisme » bénéfique et la reconquête de capacités internes. Dans cette nouvelle configuration, qui met l’accent sur une politique commerciale stratégique appuyée par un pragmatisme économique, il est essentiel de comprendre les changements dans l’équilibre des pouvoirs intérieurs afin d’anticiper les réponses de la politique commerciale du Nigéria.
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