Articles · Vol. 47 No. 2 (2022): Africa Development: Special Issue on Digital Technologies and Election Management in Africa’s Democratisation Process

‘Open the Servers’: The Implications of Electoral Technology for Kenya’s Democratisation Process

  • Joyce Omwoha
    Joyce Omwoha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-5476 (unauthenticated)
    Lecturer at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies at The Technical University of Kenya. She holds a PhD in Media Studies from the University of the Witwatersrand South Africa; and a Masters in Communication Studies from Moi University. Her areas of specialization...
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Vol. 47 · 2022 No. 2 Africa Development: Special Issue on Digital Technologies and Election Management in Africa’s Democratisation Process AD

Abstract

Digital technologies for elections were introduced in Kenya with a vision that they would bring election reforms through increasing administrative efficiency, reducing long-term costs, and by enhancing transparency in the electoral process would enhance citizenry inclusivity. Despite the voting exercise taking place without a hitch, the 2017 General Election results were dismissed by various stakeholders who called on the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) to ‘open the servers’, with witnesses, to use the results inside the servers to verify the ballot papers in the ballot boxes. Promises by IEBC that counting, transmission and verification of results would promote citizens’ rights during the electoral process were not met hence the Swahili phrase, ‘Fungua server’ (Open the servers) was coined. The server became the Holy Grail, the gadget of hope for free and fair elections. Chants of ‘Fungua server’ unveiled the dreaded side of Kenya’s democratisation; of flawed elections and violence that followed. ‘Fungua server’ was a call to free and fair elections. The paradox of technology this article seeks to interrogate was how technology has subverted democratic elections in Kenya; arguing that there is need to demystify the server and focus on electoral transparency as a yardstick of democracy.

‘Open the Servers’: The Implications of Electoral Technology for Kenya’s Democratisation Process

Les technologies numériques ont été introduites au Kenya pour les élections avec la vision qu'elles apporteraient des réformes électorales en augmentant l'efficacité administrative, en réduisant les coûts à long terme, et en améliorant la transparence du processus électoral renforcerait l'inclusion des citoyens. Bien que l'exercice de vote se soit déroulé sans accroc, les résultats des élections générales de 2017 ont été rejetés par diverses parties prenantes qui ont appelé la Commission électorale et des frontières indépendante (IEBC) à « ouvrir les serveurs », avec des témoins, afin d'utiliser les résultats à l'intérieur des serveurs pour vérifier les bulletins de vote dans les urnes. Les promesses de l'IEBC selon lesquelles le comptage, la transmission et la vérification des résultats permettraient de promouvoir les droits des citoyens pendant le processus électoral n'ont pas été tenues, d'où l'expression swahilie « Fungua server » (ouvrez les serveurs). Le serveur est devenu le Saint Graal, le gadget de l'espoir pour des élections libres et équitables. Les chants de « Fungua server » ont dévoilé le côté redouté de la démocratisation du Kenya : les élections entachées d'irrégularités et les violences qui ont suivi. Le « serveur Fungua » était un appel à des élections libres et équitables. Le paradoxe de la technologie que cet article cherche à interroger est la façon dont la technologie a subverti les élections démocratiques au Kenya, en soutenant qu'il est nécessaire de démystifier le serveur et de se concentrer sur la transparence électorale comme critère de démocratie.

Keywords

server subvert democracy digital technologies elections Kenyans on Twitter (KOT)

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Author Biography

  • Joyce Omwoha

    Lecturer at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies at The Technical University of Kenya. She holds a PhD in Media Studies from the University of the Witwatersrand South Africa; and a Masters in Communication Studies from Moi University. Her areas of specialization are: Media and Democracy, Public Relations and Development Communication.

    Joyce has won international grants and fellowships which have enabled her to carry out research on: Media, Citizenship and Identity, Gender Studies, Health Communication and the analysis of the Social Media Culture in Kenya and beyond.

    Joyce currently holds a fellowship by the Global Minds Fund at Ghent University; working on a project titled “The intricacy of adolescent contraception policy as depicted and portrayed in the Kenyan media”. She is also exploring digital citizenship; how, using social media and technology can promote peace and sustainable development.

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