1 - The Brain Drain in Africa: An Emerging Challenge to Health Professionals’ Education
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 2 No 3 (2004): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
L’Afrique subsaharienne est confrontée à une crise sanitaire. La population de cette zone a connu une forte croissance. Au cours des dernières décennies, les épidémies de maladies contagieuses et de « nouvelles » maladies non contagieuses se sont intensifiées. Parmi celles-ci figure le SIDA, qui pose un défi majeur. Or, le nombre des travailleurs de la santé demeure de plus en plus faible du fait de leur migration vers les pays développés. Cette communication analyse le phénomène de « fuite des cerveaux » touchant les professionnels de la santé, sur la base des données récoltées au Ghana et dans d’autres pays africains, en exploitant les données indirectes pour déterminer les données directes inexistantes. L’arrêt de cette « hémorragie » est devenu un véritable défi. De même le système de formation dans ce domaine a donné des résultats peu probants. Il n’existe que très peu d’études sur la manière dont les parties prenantes, parmi lesquelles figurent les institutions de l’enseignement supérieur, suppléent aux effets du phénomène de fuite des cerveaux. D’un point de vue économique, l’Afrique subsaharienne n’a pas les moyens de rivaliser avec les pays industrialisés, sur le marché du travail de la santé. Cette communication présente la manière dont les systèmes d’éducation et le secteur de la santé peuvent collaborer pour atténuer les effets de la migration des professionnels du milieu, et améliorer la qualité des services de santé, (a) grâce à de nouveaux modes de sélection des professionnels du milieu, (b) en mettant en place de nouveaux programmes plus adaptés, (c) en formant de nouveaux cadres motivés à rester dans le pays, et (d) en mettant en place un système de contrats d’engagement et de services communautaires, pour mieux retenir les professionnels du secteur.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- African Union, 2003, The Role of the African Diaspora in the Development of Their Countries of Origin, First Ordinary Session of the African Union, Labour and Social Affairs Commission, Conference Report, 10–15 April 2003, Port Louis, Mauritius. (XXVI, LSC/9).
- Awases, M., Gbary, A., Nyoni, J., & Chatora, R., 2003 November, Migration of Health Professionals in Six Countries: A Synthesis Report. Brazzaville, Congo:
- World Health Organization–Africa Regional Office–Department of Health Systems (AFRO DHS).
- Boelen, C., & Heck, J., 1995, Defining and Measuring Social Accountability of Medical Schools, Geneva: World Health Organization. (WHO/HRH/95.7) Buchan, J., & Dovlo, D., 2004 February, International Recruitment of Health Workers to the UK: A Report for DFID. Retrieved on September 19, 2004, from (www.dfidhealthrc.org/Shared/publications/reports/int_rec/int-rec-main.pdf).
- Commonwealth Secretariat and South Africa Department of Health, 2003, Workshop on Attracting and Retaining Health Workers in East, Central and Southern Africa, Johannesburg, 22–22 January 2003.
- Dovlo, D., 1999, ‘Issues Affecting the Mobility and Retention of Health Workers/ Professionals in Commonwealth African States’, Consultancy Report for the Commonwealth Secretariat, London. Unpublished manuscript. Copies available from the author.
- Dovlo, D., 2002, Retention and Deployment of Health Workers and Professionals in Africa, Technical Paper: Consultative Meeting on Collaboration between Health Professions and Governments in Policy Formulation and Implementation of Health Sector Reform.
- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28 January–1 February 2002. Copies available from the author.
- Dovlo D., 2003, Strengthening Human Resources Capacity for Effective Health Systems in Africa. Paper presented at the Consultative Workshop on Human Resources for Health (HRH) in East, Central and Southern Africa, 21–25 July 2003, Arusha, Tanzania. Copies available from the Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat for East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha,Tanzania, or from the author.
- Dovlo, D., & Nyonator, F., 1999, ‘Migration of Graduates of the University of Ghana Medical School: A Preliminary Rapid Appraisal’, Human Resources for Health Development Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 34–37.
- Ghana Ministry of Health, 2003 May, Ghana: Report of the External Review Team: Programme of Work 2002. Copies (electronic and paper) available from the Policy, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate of the Ghana Health
Les références
African Union, 2003, The Role of the African Diaspora in the Development of Their Countries of Origin, First Ordinary Session of the African Union, Labour and Social Affairs Commission, Conference Report, 10–15 April 2003, Port Louis, Mauritius. (XXVI, LSC/9).
Awases, M., Gbary, A., Nyoni, J., & Chatora, R., 2003 November, Migration of Health Professionals in Six Countries: A Synthesis Report. Brazzaville, Congo:
World Health Organization–Africa Regional Office–Department of Health Systems (AFRO DHS).
Boelen, C., & Heck, J., 1995, Defining and Measuring Social Accountability of Medical Schools, Geneva: World Health Organization. (WHO/HRH/95.7) Buchan, J., & Dovlo, D., 2004 February, International Recruitment of Health Workers to the UK: A Report for DFID. Retrieved on September 19, 2004, from (www.dfidhealthrc.org/Shared/publications/reports/int_rec/int-rec-main.pdf).
Commonwealth Secretariat and South Africa Department of Health, 2003, Workshop on Attracting and Retaining Health Workers in East, Central and Southern Africa, Johannesburg, 22–22 January 2003.
Dovlo, D., 1999, ‘Issues Affecting the Mobility and Retention of Health Workers/ Professionals in Commonwealth African States’, Consultancy Report for the Commonwealth Secretariat, London. Unpublished manuscript. Copies available from the author.
Dovlo, D., 2002, Retention and Deployment of Health Workers and Professionals in Africa, Technical Paper: Consultative Meeting on Collaboration between Health Professions and Governments in Policy Formulation and Implementation of Health Sector Reform.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28 January–1 February 2002. Copies available from the author.
Dovlo D., 2003, Strengthening Human Resources Capacity for Effective Health Systems in Africa. Paper presented at the Consultative Workshop on Human Resources for Health (HRH) in East, Central and Southern Africa, 21–25 July 2003, Arusha, Tanzania. Copies available from the Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat for East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha,Tanzania, or from the author.
Dovlo, D., & Nyonator, F., 1999, ‘Migration of Graduates of the University of Ghana Medical School: A Preliminary Rapid Appraisal’, Human Resources for Health Development Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 34–37.
Ghana Ministry of Health, 2003 May, Ghana: Report of the External Review Team: Programme of Work 2002. Copies (electronic and paper) available from the Policy, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate of the Ghana Health