4 - Rethinking the Role of Universities in Africa: Leadership as a Missing Link in Explaining University Performance in Uganda
Corresponding Author(s) : Roberts Kabeba Muriisa
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 12 No 1 (2014): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique: Numéro spécial sur Management, leadership et enseignement supérieur
Résumé
Cette étude a pour objet l’analyse de la place du leadership dans la redé- finition du rôle des universités africaines en général et de l’Ouganda en particulier. Aujourd’hui, l’ « Université africaine », à l’instar des autres universités, a des mandats et des rôles ; à savoir la recherche, l’enseigne- ment et le service communautaire clairement définis sur un document dans beaucoup de manuels et plans stratégiques de ces universités. Mais, en réalité, ces rôles ne sont pas assumés du tout ou ils le sont d’une manière qui ne garantit pas des rôles clairement établis. On constate de plus en plus qu’il y a moins d’enseignement de qualité, moins de recherche et moins de service communautaire. Cette situation exige un réexamen du rôle que les universités devraient jouer. Alors que plusieurs explications ont été servies quant à la baisse de performance des universités, je soutiendrai dans cette étude que le leadership joue un rôle non seulement dans l’influence de l’escalade des crises mais aussi dans la prévention de celles-ci, notam- ment dans les universités ougandaises. Cette étude répond principalement à trois questions liées à la recherche : (i) Comment les changements et les transitions en cours dans le secteur universitaire affectent-ils le rôle des universités ougandaises? (ii) Comment le leadership répond-il aux difficul- tés que rencontrent les universités? et (iii) Quels sont les défis auxquels font face les universités? A l’aide de divers documents, et suivant des approches basées sur les comportements utilisées pour étudier les organisations l’étude fait une analyse du rôle du leadership dans le fonctionnement des univer- sités. En guise de conclusion, l’étude établit que face aux multiples défis, les universités ont opéré un changement de cap et de centre d’intérêts et ont besoin de repenser leurs rôles. Il est conclu que le rôle du leadership a été ignoré en dépit du rôle central qu’ils ont joué dans la réalisation des performances universitaires.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Ajayi, J.F, Ade, LameckGoma, K. H., and Johnson, Ampah G., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Education, Accra: Association of African Universities.
- Assie-Lumumba, T. N’Dri, 2006, Higher Education in Africa, Crises, Reforms and Transformation, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Assie-Lumumba, T. N’Dri, 2008, ‘Higher Education as an African Public Sphere and the University as a Site of Resistance and Claim of Ownership for National Project’,Paper Presented at Governing the African Public Sphere, CODESRIA 12th General Assembly, 7-11 December, Yaounde’, Cameroun Brennan, John, 2007, ‘The Academic Profession and Increasing Expectations of Re- levance’, in M. Kogan and U. Teichler, eds, Key Challenges to the Academic Profession, Paris: Incher-Kassel.
- Bryman, Allan, 1999, ‘Leadership in Organisations’, in Clegg R. Stewart, Cynthia Hardy and Nord R. Walter, eds, Managing Organisations: Current Issues, London: Sage.
- Clark, Burton, 1998, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organisational Pathways of Transformation, Issues in higher Education, Paris: Pergamon.
- Clark, Burton, 2001, ‘The Entrepreneurial University: New Foundations for Colle- giality, Autonomy,and Achievement’, Higher Education Management Vol. 13, No. 2), pp.1-14.
- Geiger, L. Roger, 1986,To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities,1900-1940, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Halvorsen, Tor, 2010, ‘Introduction’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain. Halvorse, Tor, 2010b, ‘Between Democracy and Dictatorship, Modernity and Tradi- tion: A Contribution to the Debate About the Research University in Africa’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain. Hanson, Kobena and Léautier, Frannie, 2011, ‘Enhancing Institutional Leadership in African Universities: Lessons From ACBF’s Interventions’, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management And Sustainable Development, Vol. 7, Nos. 2/3/4.
- Kassahun, A. Berhanu, Halvosen, Tor, and Mwiandi, Mary, 2010a, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 1, Kampala: Fountain Kassahun, A. Berhanu, Halvosen, Tor, and Mwiandi, Mary, 2010b, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
- Kasozi, A. B. K., 2003,University Education in Uganda: Challenges and Opportunities for Reform, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Kasozi, A. B., 2009, Financing Uganda’s Public Universities: An Obstacle to Serving the Public Good. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Klitgaard, Robert, 2008, ‘Leadership and Universities’ Informal talk to the Claremont Leadership Roundtable, a monthly meeting of the 25-or-so professors from the Claremont Colleges who teach and do research on leadership, October 30, 2008. Available at http://www.cgu.edu/PDFFiles/Presidents%20Office/Lea- dership_and_Universities10-30-08RK.pdf. Accessed on 31/12/2012.
- Jones, R., Gareth, George, M. Jennifer, and Hill, W. L. Charles, 1998, Contemporary Management, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
- Lieberson, Stanley, and O’Connor, F. James, 1980, ‘Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Study of Large Corporations’, in Amitai Etzioni, D. Lehman, and W. Edward, 1980, A Sociological Reader on Complex Organizations, New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston.
- Lwakabamba, Silas, 2008, ‘Keynote Speech’, presented to Association of African Universities Leadership Development Workshop (LEDEV), Kigali, Rwanda, 23 April - 2 May.
- Olukoshi, Adebayo, and Zeleza, P. Tiyambe, 2004, ‘Introduction: The Struggle for African Universities and Knowledges’. in A. Olukosh and P. Tiyambe Zeleza, eds, African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Pfeiffer, J. and Salancik, G. R., 1990, ‘The Design and Management of Externally Controlled Organisations’, in D. S. Pugh, Organisation Theory Selected Rea- dings, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
- Mamdani, M., 2007, Scholars in the Market Place: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005, Darkar: CODESRIA.
- Mamdani, Mahmood, 2012, ‘Uganda: Beyond the Colonized, Neoliberal University’, The Independent- News Analysis, August 12. Available at www.indepent.co.ug/ news/news-analysis/6259?task=view. Accessed on 29/08/2012.
- Mbarara University, 2010, Mbarara University Annual Report 2010, Mbarara: Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
- Muriisa, K. Roberts, 2010, ‘It is Not All About Money: Financial Governance and Re- search in Public Universities in Uganda, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
- Muriisa, Kabeba Roberts, 2013, ‘The Quantity-Quality Balance: Reforms in University Education in Uganda’, in P. Chanie and P. B. Mihyo, eds, Thirty Years of Public Sector Reforms in Africa: Selected Country Experiences, Kampala: Fountain.
- Mwiandi, C. Mary, 2010, ‘University “Third Mission”’– Service: A Case of University of Nairobi’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
- National Council For Higher Education (NCHE), 2005, The State of Higher Education and Training in Uganda, Kampala: NCHE.
- Obanya, A. I. Paul, 2007, ‘Western Financing Influence on the Quality of Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa’ in Hilde Reinertsen, ed., How to Strengthen Institutions of Higher Education in the South, Conference Report, Oslo: SAIH.
- Saetersdal, Tore, 2010, ‘Forward’, Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 1, Kampala: Fountain.
- Sawyer, Akilagpa, 2004, ‘Challenges Facing African Universities: Selected Issues'African Studies Review, Vol. 47, No.1, pp. 1-59.
- Smith, L. Robert, 2007, ‘The Dilemma of the University as a Service Institution and as a Centre of Excellence: A Role for North-South Cooperation’, in Hilde Rei- nertsen, ed., How to Strengthen Institutions of Higher Education in the South, Conference Report, Oslo: SAIH.
- Thomas, Allan Berkeley, 2003, Controversies in Management: Issues, Debates and Answers, London and New York: Routledge.
- World Bank, 1995, Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience, Washington D.C: World Bank. Zeleza, P. Tiyambe and Olukosh, Adebayo, eds, 2004, African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Les références
Ajayi, J.F, Ade, LameckGoma, K. H., and Johnson, Ampah G., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Education, Accra: Association of African Universities.
Assie-Lumumba, T. N’Dri, 2006, Higher Education in Africa, Crises, Reforms and Transformation, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Assie-Lumumba, T. N’Dri, 2008, ‘Higher Education as an African Public Sphere and the University as a Site of Resistance and Claim of Ownership for National Project’,Paper Presented at Governing the African Public Sphere, CODESRIA 12th General Assembly, 7-11 December, Yaounde’, Cameroun Brennan, John, 2007, ‘The Academic Profession and Increasing Expectations of Re- levance’, in M. Kogan and U. Teichler, eds, Key Challenges to the Academic Profession, Paris: Incher-Kassel.
Bryman, Allan, 1999, ‘Leadership in Organisations’, in Clegg R. Stewart, Cynthia Hardy and Nord R. Walter, eds, Managing Organisations: Current Issues, London: Sage.
Clark, Burton, 1998, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organisational Pathways of Transformation, Issues in higher Education, Paris: Pergamon.
Clark, Burton, 2001, ‘The Entrepreneurial University: New Foundations for Colle- giality, Autonomy,and Achievement’, Higher Education Management Vol. 13, No. 2), pp.1-14.
Geiger, L. Roger, 1986,To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities,1900-1940, New York: Oxford University Press.
Halvorsen, Tor, 2010, ‘Introduction’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain. Halvorse, Tor, 2010b, ‘Between Democracy and Dictatorship, Modernity and Tradi- tion: A Contribution to the Debate About the Research University in Africa’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain. Hanson, Kobena and Léautier, Frannie, 2011, ‘Enhancing Institutional Leadership in African Universities: Lessons From ACBF’s Interventions’, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management And Sustainable Development, Vol. 7, Nos. 2/3/4.
Kassahun, A. Berhanu, Halvosen, Tor, and Mwiandi, Mary, 2010a, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 1, Kampala: Fountain Kassahun, A. Berhanu, Halvosen, Tor, and Mwiandi, Mary, 2010b, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
Kasozi, A. B. K., 2003,University Education in Uganda: Challenges and Opportunities for Reform, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Kasozi, A. B., 2009, Financing Uganda’s Public Universities: An Obstacle to Serving the Public Good. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Klitgaard, Robert, 2008, ‘Leadership and Universities’ Informal talk to the Claremont Leadership Roundtable, a monthly meeting of the 25-or-so professors from the Claremont Colleges who teach and do research on leadership, October 30, 2008. Available at http://www.cgu.edu/PDFFiles/Presidents%20Office/Lea- dership_and_Universities10-30-08RK.pdf. Accessed on 31/12/2012.
Jones, R., Gareth, George, M. Jennifer, and Hill, W. L. Charles, 1998, Contemporary Management, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Lieberson, Stanley, and O’Connor, F. James, 1980, ‘Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Study of Large Corporations’, in Amitai Etzioni, D. Lehman, and W. Edward, 1980, A Sociological Reader on Complex Organizations, New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston.
Lwakabamba, Silas, 2008, ‘Keynote Speech’, presented to Association of African Universities Leadership Development Workshop (LEDEV), Kigali, Rwanda, 23 April - 2 May.
Olukoshi, Adebayo, and Zeleza, P. Tiyambe, 2004, ‘Introduction: The Struggle for African Universities and Knowledges’. in A. Olukosh and P. Tiyambe Zeleza, eds, African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Pfeiffer, J. and Salancik, G. R., 1990, ‘The Design and Management of Externally Controlled Organisations’, in D. S. Pugh, Organisation Theory Selected Rea- dings, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
Mamdani, M., 2007, Scholars in the Market Place: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005, Darkar: CODESRIA.
Mamdani, Mahmood, 2012, ‘Uganda: Beyond the Colonized, Neoliberal University’, The Independent- News Analysis, August 12. Available at www.indepent.co.ug/ news/news-analysis/6259?task=view. Accessed on 29/08/2012.
Mbarara University, 2010, Mbarara University Annual Report 2010, Mbarara: Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
Muriisa, K. Roberts, 2010, ‘It is Not All About Money: Financial Governance and Re- search in Public Universities in Uganda, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
Muriisa, Kabeba Roberts, 2013, ‘The Quantity-Quality Balance: Reforms in University Education in Uganda’, in P. Chanie and P. B. Mihyo, eds, Thirty Years of Public Sector Reforms in Africa: Selected Country Experiences, Kampala: Fountain.
Mwiandi, C. Mary, 2010, ‘University “Third Mission”’– Service: A Case of University of Nairobi’, in Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 2, Kampala: Fountain.
National Council For Higher Education (NCHE), 2005, The State of Higher Education and Training in Uganda, Kampala: NCHE.
Obanya, A. I. Paul, 2007, ‘Western Financing Influence on the Quality of Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa’ in Hilde Reinertsen, ed., How to Strengthen Institutions of Higher Education in the South, Conference Report, Oslo: SAIH.
Saetersdal, Tore, 2010, ‘Forward’, Berhanu A. Kassahun, Tor Halvosen and Mary Mwiandi, Shaping Research Universities in the Nile Basin Countries, Book 1, Kampala: Fountain.
Sawyer, Akilagpa, 2004, ‘Challenges Facing African Universities: Selected Issues'African Studies Review, Vol. 47, No.1, pp. 1-59.
Smith, L. Robert, 2007, ‘The Dilemma of the University as a Service Institution and as a Centre of Excellence: A Role for North-South Cooperation’, in Hilde Rei- nertsen, ed., How to Strengthen Institutions of Higher Education in the South, Conference Report, Oslo: SAIH.
Thomas, Allan Berkeley, 2003, Controversies in Management: Issues, Debates and Answers, London and New York: Routledge.
World Bank, 1995, Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience, Washington D.C: World Bank. Zeleza, P. Tiyambe and Olukosh, Adebayo, eds, 2004, African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.