4 -  Memory Of A Lost Past, Memory Of Rape : Nostalgia, Trauma And The Construction Of Collective Social Memory Among The Zo Hnahthlak

Anup Shekhar Chakraborty

doi:10.57054/icp.v11i2.5132

Numéro

Vol. 11 No 2 (2010): Identité, culture et politique: Un dialogue afro-asiatique

Issue Published : décembre 21, 2010

4 - Memory Of A Lost Past, Memory Of Rape : Nostalgia, Trauma And The Construction Of Collective Social Memory Among The Zo Hnahthlak

https://doi.org/10.57054/icp.v11i2.5132

Anup Shekhar Chakraborty

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-549X

Corresponding Author(s) : Anup Shekhar Chakraborty

noreply@codesria.org

Identité, culture et politique, Vol. 11 No 2 (2010): Identité, culture et politique: Un dialogue afro-asiatique
Article Published : octobre 20, 2010

Résumé

Mémoire d’un passé révolu, mémoire du viol : nostalgie, traumatisme et construction de la mémoire collective des Zo Hnahthlak
La mémoire collective sociale est la force motrice de toutes les méta récits de l’identité nationale, elle est à l’origine du mouvement, que ceux ci soient composés de bons moments ou de mauvais moments. En fait, les souvenirs sont des objets qui se ruent de façon inattendue hors de l’esprit, reliant le présent avec le passé. Le lien entre les personnes, le patrimoine, le territoire et l’État est constitué par l’utilisation de métaphores botaniques. Le Zo / Mizo ou Zomi utilisent l’image d’un arbre pour lier leurs racines avec le territoire revendiqué, ils prétendent que leurs chansons et leurs folklores parlent d’un grand arbre, le Khampat Bungpui (ou Banyan), planté par leurs ancêtres avant leur migration à partir du village Zopui, à l’ouest de la vallée de TiAu au Myanmar. La mémoire du village Zopui, symbole de la grandeur de l’histoire des Zo est le fil conducteur de la mémoire sociale de la communauté Zo Hnahthlak.
Les horreurs de l’insurrection et de la contre-insurrection, les viols massifs de femmes et d’abus de mineurs restent intégrés dans la mémoire sociale de la population Zo / Mizo. Cette contribution étudie la question épineuse de l’enracinement de la mémoire et du traumatisme dans l’identité des Zo Hnahthlak.

Mots-clés

Memory Lost Past Memory Of Rape Nostalgia Trauma Construction Collective Social Zo Hnahthlak

Anup Shekhar Chakraborty. (2010). 4 - Memory Of A Lost Past, Memory Of Rape : Nostalgia, Trauma And The Construction Of Collective Social Memory Among The Zo Hnahthlak. Identité, Culture Et Politique, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.57054/icp.v11i2.5132

Télécharger la référence bibliographique

Les références

Anderson, Benedict. (1983). (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Barpujari, H.K. (1977). (Reprinted 1980). Assam in the days of the Company 1826-1858. Gauhati: LBS.
Basu Raychaudhury, Anasua. (2004). Nostalgia of ‘Desh’, Memories of Partition. Economic & Political Weekly. December 25-31, pp. 5653-5660.
Bose, Pradip Kumar. (1997). ‘Memory Begins Where History Ends’ in Ranabir Sammadar (Ed.). (1997). Reflections on the Partition of the East. New Delhi: Vikas Publications.p.85.
Butalia, U. (1998). ‘Muslims and Hindus, Men and Women: Communal stereotypes and the Partition of India’ in T. Sarkar and U. Butalia. (Ed.). (1998). Women and the Hindu Right: A Collection of Essays. New Delhi: Kali for Women.
Carey, B.S., & H. N. Tuck. (1896). (Reprinted 1976). The Chin Hills- A History of the people, our dealings with them, their customs & manners, & a Gazetteer of their country. Vol. I&II. Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd on behalf of Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl, Mizoram.
Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2008). ‘Manufacturing of Spaces: The ‘Others’ in Zo/Mizo Politics’ South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS). Vol.9 No.1, July-December. ISSN 0972-4613.
Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2009a). ‘Regulating Citizenship: Politics of ‘Check-In’ and ‘Check-Out’’ in Refugee Watch Online (A Co-Publication of Refugee Watch), 18 February.
Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2009b). ‘Where are ‘Our women’? Locating Women through the History of Proselytization in Mizoram’. Dharma Deepkia- South Asian Journal of Missiological Research issue on Mission In Contexts Of Violence And Uncertainty. Issue 30, Vol.13 No. 2 July-December. ISSN 0972-5970.
Chakraborty, Dipesh. (1996). Remembered Villages: Representation of Hindu-Bengali Memories in the Aftermath of the Partition. Economic & Political Weekly. Vol.31, No.32 August 10, p.2143.
Chatterjee, Suhas. (1985). Mizoram Under the British Rule. Delhi: Mittal Publications.
Chatterjee, Suhas. (1990). Mizoram Encyclopaedia. Vol. I. Bombay: Jaico Publishing House.
Chatterji, N. (1978). The Lushais 1878-1889. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.
Chenoy, Anuradha M. (2005). ‘Women and Breakdown of the Public Sphere’, Chapter 15 in Bhargava, Rajeev., & Helmut Reifeld. (Ed.). (2005). Civil Society, Public Sphere & Citizenship: Dialogues & Perceptions. New Delhi: Sage Publications/Konrad Adenauer Stifting.
Dev, S. Guru. (1996). Anatomy of Revolt: In the North East India. New Delhi: Lancer Books.
Fine, Gary Alan. (2001). Difficult Reputations: Collective Memories of the Evil, Inept, and Controversial. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Fine, Gary Alan. (2005). ‘Collective Memory’ in George Ritzer (Ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia Of Social Theory. Vol. I. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 116-117
Gardner, Katy., & Filippo Osella. (NA). ‘Migration, Modernity and Social Transformation in South Asia: An Introduction’, Chapter 1, pxi-x/viii in Filippo Osella & Katy Gardner. (Ed.). (NA). Migration, Modernity and Social Transformation in South Asia. (Contributions to Indian Sociology Occasional Studies 11). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Goswami, B.B. (1978). “Out-group from the point of view of In-group: A Study of Mizos”, in S.M. Dubey. (1978). North East India: A Sociological Study. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 99-110.
Government of Mizoram. Statistical Handbook(s) of Mizoram. 1994; 1998; 2002; 2006; 2008. Aizawl: Directorate of Economics & Statistics.
Guha, Amalendu. (1977).(1988). Planter Raj to Swaraj: Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam 1826-1947. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research.
Gupta, Jayanta. (2010). ‘’66 blitz a lesson on use of IAF’. Times of India. Kolkata: 09 April.
Halbwachs, Maurice. (1925) (1992). On Collective Memory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Hluna, J.V. (2010). ‘Zoram Ni’. Zoram Today. Aizawl: 08 March.
Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Khiangte, Laltluangliana (Ed.).(2002). Mizo Songs and Folktales (Indian Literature in Tribal Languages). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp.62-65.
Lalchungnunga. (1994). Mizoram: Politics of Regionalism and national Integration. New Delhi, India: Reliance Publishing House
Lalrimawia. (1995). Mizoram: History and Cultural Identity. Guwahati: Spectrum Publicatons.
Lalthangliana, B. (1975) History of Mizo in Burma. Arts and Science University: Mandalay.
Lama, J.B. (2007). ‘The inside and out of Mizoram’s ethnic skirmishes’. Kolkata: The Statesman. 30, July.
Lewin, T. H. (1912). (Reprinted 1977). A Fly On the Wheel. Calcutta: Firma KLM on behalf of Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl.
Lowenthal, David. (1985). The Past Is a Foreign Country. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mackenzie, A. (1979) (Reprint 1981). The North-East Frontier of India. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
Mackenzie, A. (1884). History of the Relations of the Government with Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal. Calcutta: (NA).
Malkki L. (1992). National geographic: the rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identity among scholars and refugees. Cultural Anthropology. 7(1):24-44
Malkki, L. (1990). Context and consciousness: local conditions for the production of historical and national thought among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. pp. 32-63
McCall, A.G. (1939). (1980). The Lushai Hills: District Cover. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.
McCall, A.G. (1949).(2003). Lushai Chrysalis. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.
Mukherjee, S.K. (1998). ‘Jewish Movement in the Hills of Manipur and Mizoram’ in M.N. Karna (Ed). (1998). Social Movements in the North- East India. New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company/NEICSSR, Shillong. pp.189-198.
Olick, Jeffrey and Joyce Robbins. (1998). “Social Memory Studies: From ‘Collective Memory’ to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices.” Annual Review of Sociology 24:105–40.

Les références

Anderson, Benedict. (1983). (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

Barpujari, H.K. (1977). (Reprinted 1980). Assam in the days of the Company 1826-1858. Gauhati: LBS.

Basu Raychaudhury, Anasua. (2004). Nostalgia of ‘Desh’, Memories of Partition. Economic & Political Weekly. December 25-31, pp. 5653-5660.

Bose, Pradip Kumar. (1997). ‘Memory Begins Where History Ends’ in Ranabir Sammadar (Ed.). (1997). Reflections on the Partition of the East. New Delhi: Vikas Publications.p.85.

Butalia, U. (1998). ‘Muslims and Hindus, Men and Women: Communal stereotypes and the Partition of India’ in T. Sarkar and U. Butalia. (Ed.). (1998). Women and the Hindu Right: A Collection of Essays. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

Carey, B.S., & H. N. Tuck. (1896). (Reprinted 1976). The Chin Hills- A History of the people, our dealings with them, their customs & manners, & a Gazetteer of their country. Vol. I&II. Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd on behalf of Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl, Mizoram.

Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2008). ‘Manufacturing of Spaces: The ‘Others’ in Zo/Mizo Politics’ South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS). Vol.9 No.1, July-December. ISSN 0972-4613.

Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2009a). ‘Regulating Citizenship: Politics of ‘Check-In’ and ‘Check-Out’’ in Refugee Watch Online (A Co-Publication of Refugee Watch), 18 February.

Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar. (2009b). ‘Where are ‘Our women’? Locating Women through the History of Proselytization in Mizoram’. Dharma Deepkia- South Asian Journal of Missiological Research issue on Mission In Contexts Of Violence And Uncertainty. Issue 30, Vol.13 No. 2 July-December. ISSN 0972-5970.

Chakraborty, Dipesh. (1996). Remembered Villages: Representation of Hindu-Bengali Memories in the Aftermath of the Partition. Economic & Political Weekly. Vol.31, No.32 August 10, p.2143.

Chatterjee, Suhas. (1985). Mizoram Under the British Rule. Delhi: Mittal Publications.

Chatterjee, Suhas. (1990). Mizoram Encyclopaedia. Vol. I. Bombay: Jaico Publishing House.

Chatterji, N. (1978). The Lushais 1878-1889. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.

Chenoy, Anuradha M. (2005). ‘Women and Breakdown of the Public Sphere’, Chapter 15 in Bhargava, Rajeev., & Helmut Reifeld. (Ed.). (2005). Civil Society, Public Sphere & Citizenship: Dialogues & Perceptions. New Delhi: Sage Publications/Konrad Adenauer Stifting.

Dev, S. Guru. (1996). Anatomy of Revolt: In the North East India. New Delhi: Lancer Books.

Fine, Gary Alan. (2001). Difficult Reputations: Collective Memories of the Evil, Inept, and Controversial. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Fine, Gary Alan. (2005). ‘Collective Memory’ in George Ritzer (Ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia Of Social Theory. Vol. I. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 116-117

Gardner, Katy., & Filippo Osella. (NA). ‘Migration, Modernity and Social Transformation in South Asia: An Introduction’, Chapter 1, pxi-x/viii in Filippo Osella & Katy Gardner. (Ed.). (NA). Migration, Modernity and Social Transformation in South Asia. (Contributions to Indian Sociology Occasional Studies 11). New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Goswami, B.B. (1978). “Out-group from the point of view of In-group: A Study of Mizos”, in S.M. Dubey. (1978). North East India: A Sociological Study. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 99-110.

Government of Mizoram. Statistical Handbook(s) of Mizoram. 1994; 1998; 2002; 2006; 2008. Aizawl: Directorate of Economics & Statistics.

Guha, Amalendu. (1977).(1988). Planter Raj to Swaraj: Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam 1826-1947. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research.

Gupta, Jayanta. (2010). ‘’66 blitz a lesson on use of IAF’. Times of India. Kolkata: 09 April.

Halbwachs, Maurice. (1925) (1992). On Collective Memory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Hluna, J.V. (2010). ‘Zoram Ni’. Zoram Today. Aizawl: 08 March.

Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Khiangte, Laltluangliana (Ed.).(2002). Mizo Songs and Folktales (Indian Literature in Tribal Languages). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp.62-65.

Lalchungnunga. (1994). Mizoram: Politics of Regionalism and national Integration. New Delhi, India: Reliance Publishing House

Lalrimawia. (1995). Mizoram: History and Cultural Identity. Guwahati: Spectrum Publicatons.

Lalthangliana, B. (1975) History of Mizo in Burma. Arts and Science University: Mandalay.

Lama, J.B. (2007). ‘The inside and out of Mizoram’s ethnic skirmishes’. Kolkata: The Statesman. 30, July.

Lewin, T. H. (1912). (Reprinted 1977). A Fly On the Wheel. Calcutta: Firma KLM on behalf of Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl.

Lowenthal, David. (1985). The Past Is a Foreign Country. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mackenzie, A. (1979) (Reprint 1981). The North-East Frontier of India. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.

Mackenzie, A. (1884). History of the Relations of the Government with Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal. Calcutta: (NA).

Malkki L. (1992). National geographic: the rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identity among scholars and refugees. Cultural Anthropology. 7(1):24-44

Malkki, L. (1990). Context and consciousness: local conditions for the production of historical and national thought among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. pp. 32-63

McCall, A.G. (1939). (1980). The Lushai Hills: District Cover. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.

McCall, A.G. (1949).(2003). Lushai Chrysalis. Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute.

Mukherjee, S.K. (1998). ‘Jewish Movement in the Hills of Manipur and Mizoram’ in M.N. Karna (Ed). (1998). Social Movements in the North- East India. New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company/NEICSSR, Shillong. pp.189-198.

Olick, Jeffrey and Joyce Robbins. (1998). “Social Memory Studies: From ‘Collective Memory’ to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices.” Annual Review of Sociology 24:105–40.