3 - Developing Sustainable Communities in Africa : Components for a Framework
Corresponding Author(s) : Olajide Oloyede
Identité, culture et politique,
Vol. 10 No 2 (2009): Identité, culture et politique: Un dialogue afro-asiatique
Résumé
Cet article présente les composantes d’un cadre pour le développement d’une communauté durable. Les éléments sont tirés de la littérature. Dans la plupart des tentatives visant à fournir un cadre pour le développement en Afrique, peu de considération est accordée pour des variables cruciales telles que la culture. Ces tentatives ont tourné court ce qui a causé des retournements dans les pratiques. L’une des premières se situe dans le hiatus entre le monde universitaire et le bras pensant de la Banque mondiale et du Fonds monétaire international. Ensuite viennent les groupes des décideurs politiques et les organisations non gouvernementales. La « durabilité » est devenue un point de référence inévitable depuis sa popularisation par la Commission mondiale sur l’environnement et le développement (rapport Brundtland) en 1987. Le terme est toutefois utilisé plus par rapport à l’environnement et l’économie que par rapport à la communauté. L’idée d’une communauté durable met l’accent sur la durabilité au niveau local, ce qui oblige à prendre en compte le difficultés politiques et surtout culturelles associées à des tentatives d’atteindre la durabilité au niveau mondial. Cette contribution soutient que pour le développement de communautés durables, nous devons commencer par prendre au sérieux l’utilisation des pratiques et des systèmes qui maintiennent ou améliorent la capacité des gens à subvenir à leurs problèmes sociaux et à leur bien-être culturel, la viabilité économique de l’agriculture, la base naturelle des ressources de l’agriculture, les écosystèmes influencés par les activités agricoles et la qualité et la sécurité des aliments.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Bell, C. and Newby, Howard (1976) “Community, communion and community action: the social services and the new urban politics” In Herbert, D. T. and Johnston, R. J. (Eds.) Social areas in cities Vol. 2. Chichester: Wiley. Pp. 198-207.
- Bell, S and Morse S (2003) Measuring Sustainability: Learning by doing. Sterling VA.: Earthscan Publications
- Bridger, J. C. and Luloff, A. E., (1999)”Toward an interactional approach to sustainable community development”. Journal of Rural Studies, 15. pp. 377-387. (quote on page 383).
- Brundtland, G. H. (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 43
- Chan, Shih-Liang and Huang, Shu-Li (2004) “A systems approach for the development of a sustainable community – the application of the sensitivity model (SM)” Journal of Environmental Management, 72, 133-147.
- Daly, H. E. (1989) Sustainable Development: From Concept and Theory Towards Operational Principles. In Population and Development Review, Hoover Institution Conference
- Day, Graham, 1998 “Working with the Grain? Towards sustainable rural and community development.” Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 89-105
- Eisenstadt, S. N. (ed.) (1970) Readings in Social Evolution and Development. Oxford: Pergamon.
- Fricker, Alan (1998) “Measuring up to sustainability” Futures, Vol. 30, no 4, pp. 367-375.
- Giddings, F. (1922) Studies in the Theory of Human Society. New York: Macmillan
- Keane, M. J. (1990) “Economic development capacity amongst rural communities”. Journal of Rural Development, 6, pp291‑352. (quote from p291)
- Granovetter, M. (1985) “Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness” American Journal of Sociology, 91, pp. 481-510.
- Holcombe, Sarah. (2004) “The Sentimental Community: A Site of Belonging: A Case Study from Central Australia. Australian Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 15, Issue 3.
- Jones, O. “Lay discourse of the rural: developments and implications for rural studies.” Journal of Rural Studies, 11, 35-49, p7
- Kearns, R.A. and Joseph, A. E. (1997) Progress in Human Geography, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 18-32.
- Lewis, Arthur W. (1955) The Theory of Economic Growth. London: Unwin
- Negroponte, N. (1995) Being Digital Sydney: Hodder and Straughton
- Oloyede, Olajide, (2002) Community Profiling: Developing A Database for Rural Development in The Eastern Cape. Proposal for A 5-Year Rural Studies of the Eastern Cape. Center for Development Studies, University of Fort Hare
- Parkin, F. (1982) “Social Closure and Class Formation”. In Giddens, A. and Hale, D (Eds.) Classes, Power and Conflict. London: Macmillan, pp. 175-184
- Pearce, D. (1998) (Ed.) Blueprint 3: Measuring Sustainable Development. London: Earthscan
- Perrings, C, (1994) “Sustainable Livelihoods and environmentally sound technology”. International Law Review, 133 (3) 305-326
- Pretty, J. N. (1995) “Participatory Learning for sustainable agriculture” World Development. 23, 8, pp. 1247-1263
- Roseland, Mark (2000) “Sustainable community development: integrating environmental, economic and social objectives”. Progress in Planning, 54, pp. 73-132.
- Salfiel, J., Bouder, J., Palakovich, S. (1994) “Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: diffusion, farm structure and profitability” Rural Social, 59 (2) 333-349.
- Sayer, A and Walker, R (1992) The new Social Economy: Reworking the Division of Labour. Oxford: Blackwell. p.116, cited from Day, Graham, 1998 (p.95) “Working with the Grain? Towards sustainable rural and community development.” Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 89-105
- Scott, Kathryn, Park, Julie and Cocklin, Chris (2000) “From sustainable rural communities to ‘social sustainability’: giving voice of diversity in Mangakahia Valley, New Zealand” Journal of Rural Studies 16 (2000) 433-446.
- Spender, D. (1995) Nattering on the Net. Melbourne: Spinifex Press
- Urry, J. (1995) Consuming Places. London: Routledge
- Van der Ploeg, J. D. and Lang (ed) (1994) Born From Within: Practices and Perspectives of Endogenous Development
- Walmsley, D. J. (2000) “Community, Place and Cyberspace”. Australian Geographer, Vol. 31, No. 1.
- Webber, M. M. (1963) “Order in diversity: community without propinquity”. In Ningo, L. (Ed.) Cities and Space. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. pp. 23-56.
- Williams, R., 1983, Keywords. London: Fontana
- Wilkinson, K. P. (1991) The Community in Rural America. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. Cf.
Les références
Bell, C. and Newby, Howard (1976) “Community, communion and community action: the social services and the new urban politics” In Herbert, D. T. and Johnston, R. J. (Eds.) Social areas in cities Vol. 2. Chichester: Wiley. Pp. 198-207.
Bell, S and Morse S (2003) Measuring Sustainability: Learning by doing. Sterling VA.: Earthscan Publications
Bridger, J. C. and Luloff, A. E., (1999)”Toward an interactional approach to sustainable community development”. Journal of Rural Studies, 15. pp. 377-387. (quote on page 383).
Brundtland, G. H. (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 43
Chan, Shih-Liang and Huang, Shu-Li (2004) “A systems approach for the development of a sustainable community – the application of the sensitivity model (SM)” Journal of Environmental Management, 72, 133-147.
Daly, H. E. (1989) Sustainable Development: From Concept and Theory Towards Operational Principles. In Population and Development Review, Hoover Institution Conference
Day, Graham, 1998 “Working with the Grain? Towards sustainable rural and community development.” Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 89-105
Eisenstadt, S. N. (ed.) (1970) Readings in Social Evolution and Development. Oxford: Pergamon.
Fricker, Alan (1998) “Measuring up to sustainability” Futures, Vol. 30, no 4, pp. 367-375.
Giddings, F. (1922) Studies in the Theory of Human Society. New York: Macmillan
Keane, M. J. (1990) “Economic development capacity amongst rural communities”. Journal of Rural Development, 6, pp291‑352. (quote from p291)
Granovetter, M. (1985) “Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness” American Journal of Sociology, 91, pp. 481-510.
Holcombe, Sarah. (2004) “The Sentimental Community: A Site of Belonging: A Case Study from Central Australia. Australian Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 15, Issue 3.
Jones, O. “Lay discourse of the rural: developments and implications for rural studies.” Journal of Rural Studies, 11, 35-49, p7
Kearns, R.A. and Joseph, A. E. (1997) Progress in Human Geography, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 18-32.
Lewis, Arthur W. (1955) The Theory of Economic Growth. London: Unwin
Negroponte, N. (1995) Being Digital Sydney: Hodder and Straughton
Oloyede, Olajide, (2002) Community Profiling: Developing A Database for Rural Development in The Eastern Cape. Proposal for A 5-Year Rural Studies of the Eastern Cape. Center for Development Studies, University of Fort Hare
Parkin, F. (1982) “Social Closure and Class Formation”. In Giddens, A. and Hale, D (Eds.) Classes, Power and Conflict. London: Macmillan, pp. 175-184
Pearce, D. (1998) (Ed.) Blueprint 3: Measuring Sustainable Development. London: Earthscan
Perrings, C, (1994) “Sustainable Livelihoods and environmentally sound technology”. International Law Review, 133 (3) 305-326
Pretty, J. N. (1995) “Participatory Learning for sustainable agriculture” World Development. 23, 8, pp. 1247-1263
Roseland, Mark (2000) “Sustainable community development: integrating environmental, economic and social objectives”. Progress in Planning, 54, pp. 73-132.
Salfiel, J., Bouder, J., Palakovich, S. (1994) “Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: diffusion, farm structure and profitability” Rural Social, 59 (2) 333-349.
Sayer, A and Walker, R (1992) The new Social Economy: Reworking the Division of Labour. Oxford: Blackwell. p.116, cited from Day, Graham, 1998 (p.95) “Working with the Grain? Towards sustainable rural and community development.” Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 89-105
Scott, Kathryn, Park, Julie and Cocklin, Chris (2000) “From sustainable rural communities to ‘social sustainability’: giving voice of diversity in Mangakahia Valley, New Zealand” Journal of Rural Studies 16 (2000) 433-446.
Spender, D. (1995) Nattering on the Net. Melbourne: Spinifex Press
Urry, J. (1995) Consuming Places. London: Routledge
Van der Ploeg, J. D. and Lang (ed) (1994) Born From Within: Practices and Perspectives of Endogenous Development
Walmsley, D. J. (2000) “Community, Place and Cyberspace”. Australian Geographer, Vol. 31, No. 1.
Webber, M. M. (1963) “Order in diversity: community without propinquity”. In Ningo, L. (Ed.) Cities and Space. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. pp. 23-56.
Williams, R., 1983, Keywords. London: Fontana
Wilkinson, K. P. (1991) The Community in Rural America. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. Cf.