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Articles · Vol. 30 No 4 (2005): Afrique et développement

Taxation, Migration and the Creation of a Working Class in Kenya

DOI: 10.4314/ad.v30i4.22242

  • Isaac Tarus
    Isaac Tarus
    Department of History, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Njoro, Kenya.
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Vol. 30 · 2005 N°4 Afrique et développement AD

Résumé

Plusieurs études ont remis en question le fameux lien causal régissant la taxa tion des travailleurs migrants. Ils ont rejeté le stéréotype usé selon lequel les Africains travaillaient pour payer des impôts, obtenir davantage de têtes de bétail et épouser toujours plus de femmes. Cette communication phénomène de la migration constitue un aspect historique du ch car les travailleurs migrants font le choix économique délibéré d en exploitant les ressources disponibles, ou en migrant vers d'au est fait une scrupuleuse analyse de la façon dont la taxation a contr d'un cadre de prolétariat. Les économies de migrants en Afriqu Rhodésie, en Algérie et au Kenya, en particulier, étaient basées des populations rurales d'une économie pastorale et agricole à un de classe ouvrière, selon le paradigme thomsonien. Ces derniers de simples «rouages dans la machine du capitalisme», comme l'af Odhiambo. Les Africains sont allés à la recherche d'un travail rém diversité de raisons, parmi lesquelles le fait que l'on faisait par force pour confisquer leur bétail, ce qui les contraignait à aller à la travail payé. D'autres partaient à la quête d'emploi pour acquér indépendance et une certaine auto-suffisance. L'auteur affirme qu'un de jeunes se sont volontairement exilés pour gagner de l'argent, q ensuite pour payer diverses taxes, mais également pour acquér matériels, tels que du bétail, des draps, des habits et autres, mais devenir entrepreneurs. La conséquence en est l'émergence d'un cadr qui constitue un important trajectoire de vie, au Kenya.

 

Taxation, Migration and the Creation of a Working Class in Kenya: DOI: 10.4314/ad.v30i4.22242

Various scholars have questioned the often-stated migrant labour-taxation causal nexus. They have rejected the overworked stereotype that Africans entered la bour service to pay taxes, obtain more livestock and marry more wives. This paper argues that migration was a historical aspect of social change, because migrant labourers made deliberate economic choices on whether to pay taxes either by exploiting available resources or by migrating. Particular analysis is made of the extent to which taxation engendered the creation of a working class cadre. The case of the settler economies of South Africa, Rhodesia, Algeria and Kenya in particular revolved around the transition of the rural population from a pastoral and cultivator economy to a truncated working class in the Thompsonian paradigm. They were not merely, as Atieno-Odhiambo declares, 'cogs in the wheel of capitalism'. Among other reasons, Africans went out in search of paid work for the fact that force was used when their livestock were confiscated unless they left to perform wage labour. Many others went out in search of employment for the independence and self-sufficiency it gave them. The paper argues that a number of young people went out voluntarily to obtain money which they used to pay taxes but also to acquire certain material possessions such as livestock, blankets, clothes and other paraphernalia, and to be come entrepreneurs. As a consequence of all these, we have the emergence of a working class cadre that has become an important life trajectory in Kenya.

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Biographie de l'auteur/ice

  • Isaac Tarus

    Department of History, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Njoro, Kenya.

Références

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  41. Nairobi, 1946-1963 ', Andrew Burton (ed.), The Urban Experience in Eastern Aji·ica, c. 1750-2000,
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  49. Domination, London: James Currey. pp. 55-57.
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  51. Heinemann and University ofCalifomia Press. p. 135
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  53. University of Colorado.
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  55. Kanogo, Tabitha, -1987, Squatters and the Roots of Mau Mau, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
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  63. London: Heinemann.
  64. Manchuelle, François, 1997, Willing Migrants: Soninke Labor Diasporas, 1848- 1960, London: James Currey.
  65. Marris, Peter and Somerset, Anthony, I 973, African Businessmen: A Study of Entrepreneurship and
  66. Development in Kenya, London.

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