3 - Beyond Recrimination: The Rule of Law and Nigeria’s Anti-graft War
Corresponding Author(s) : Isaac Olawale Albert
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 44 No 4 (2019): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur Argent, sécurité et gouvernance démocratique en Afrique (IV)
Résumé
La littérature existante sur la corruption au Nigéria et dans plusieurs autres régions du monde porte exclusivement sur les récriminations, à savoir la titrisation ou la diabolisation des personnes accusées de corruption et privilégiant la punition à leur infliger. Atomisé dans ces études est la responsabilité de protéger les droits de ces accusés qui incombe aux régimes anti-corruption, conformément au principe de primauté du droit. Le refus de protéger ces droits constitue une forme de corruption en soi. Cet article considère que cette question est cruciale pour l’évaluation de la lutte anti- corruption au Nigeria depuis 2015, date à laquelle Muhammadu Buhari a été élu président du pays. L’attention porte sur trois problèmes récurrents de règle de droit qui doivent être traités de manière agressive dans le pays : (i) la manière abusive avec laquelle certaines personnes accusées sont appréhendées, (ii) la manière dont elles sont soumises à des «procès médiatiques» dont beaucoup sont perdus par le gouvernement (iii) l’obstination du gouvernement fédéral à ordonner aux tribunaux de libérer certains des accusés. Cela remet en question la crédibilité de la lutte anti-corruption en cours dans le pays et projette une image d’autoritarisme du régime du Président Muhammadu Buhari. À l’heure actuelle, le Nigéria a besoin d’un processus de lutte contre la corruption fondé sur la primauté du droit. Des suggestions sont faites sur la manière de traiter certaines des questions émergentes.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Johnston, M., 2005, Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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- Mauro, P., 1995, ‘Corruption and growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 681–712.
- Myrdal, G., 1968, Asian Drama: An Enquiry into the Poverty of Nations, New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
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- The Nation, 2017, ‘Whistleblow arraigned for giving false report’, 14 July, p. 7.
- The Punch, 2017, ‘Is judiciary to blame for failed corruption cases?’, 20 June, p. 2.
- Richards, O., 2017, ‘Bala Mohammed seeks release of personal effects from EFCC sealed house’, The Guardian, 5 July, p. 43.
- Rose-Ackerman, S., 2004, ‘Governance and Corruption’, in B. Lomborg, ed., Global Crises, Global Solutions, Cambridge University Press.
- Rothstein, B. and Uslaner, E.M., 2005, ‘All for all: equality, corruption and social trust’, World Politics 58: 41–73.
- Tocqueville, A. de, 1991 [1835], Democracy in America, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Mayer and M. Lerner, translated by G. Lawrence, Norwalk, CT: Easton Press. UN, 2016, Bibliography of Corruption in Nigeria, Abuja: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Country Office Nigeria.
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC), 2004, The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies: Report of the Secretary-General, UNSC, UN Doc. S/2004/616 at 4, New York: United Nations Security Council.
- Vanguard, 2016, ‘Lawyers divided over judges’ arrest by DSS, 10 October, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/lawyers-divided-judges-arrest dss/.
- Williams-Smith, W., 2017, ‘Ex-PDP ministers condemn raid of ex-VP Sambo’s residence’, Today, 4 July.
- You, J., 2006, ‘A comparative study of income inequality, corruption and social trust: How inequality and corruption reinforce each other and erode social trust’, PhD dissertation, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
- Yusuf, U., 2017, ‘Appeal court acquits Bala Ngilari, ex-Adamawa gov’, Vanguard, 21 July, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/appeal-court-acquits-bala-ngilari-ex-adamawa-gov/.
Les références
Adesomoju, A., 2017, ‘Saraki’s acquittal: “dance of twist” at CCT’, The Punch, 20 July, pp. 39–40.
Agande, B., 2017a, ‘Security agents raid Namadi Sambo’s Kaduna residence’, Vanguard, 28 June, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/security-agents-raid-namadi-sambos-kaduna-residence/.
Agande, B., 2017b, ‘Namadi Samabo raises the alarm, says residence search five times in six months’, Vanguard, 2 July, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/namadi-samabo-raises-alarmsays-residence-search-five-times-six-months/.
Akinkuotu, E. and Hanafi, A., 2017, ‘EFCC sent assassins after me, bugged my phones – Patience’, The Punch, 11 July, p. 7.
Daniel, S and Nnochiri, I., 2016, ‘Crackdown on judges: presidency backs DSS; says it followed the law’, Vanguard, 17 October, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/crackdown-judgespresidencybacks-dss-says-followed-law/.
Ezeamalu, B., 2017, ‘Why Nigerian govt is losing corruption cases – Obasanjo’, Premium Times, 10 April, http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/228441-nigerian-govt-losing-corruption-cases-obasanjo.html.
Helliwell, J.F., 2006, ‘Well-being, social capital and public policy: what’s new?’,Economic Journal 116 (510): C34–C45.
Johnston, M., 2005, Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kebonkwu, M., 2017, ‘Anti-corruption fight and judicial mockery’, The Nation, 11 July, p. 20.
Mauro, P., 1995, ‘Corruption and growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 681–712.
Myrdal, G., 1968, Asian Drama: An Enquiry into the Poverty of Nations, New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
Nnochiri, I., 2016a, ‘Anti-graft war: if the judges did anything wrong they should be investigated – legal practitioners’, Vanguard, 9 October, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/anti-graft-war-judges-anything-wrong-investigated-legal practitioners/.
Nnochiri, I., 2016b, ‘Why DSS, AGF is after us, judges open up … seek NJC’s permission to drag DSS to court’, Vanguard, 16 October, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/dss-agf-us-judges-open/.
Muhammad, G., 2017, ‘Security agencies search ex-VP Namadi Sambo’s house’, Premium Times, 28 June, http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/235320-security-agencies-search-ex-vp-namadi-sambos-house.html.
Okakwu, E., 2017, ‘False asset declaration charge: why we cleared Saraki – Code of Conduct Tribunal’, Premium Times, 14 June, http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/234071-false-asset-declaration-charge-why-we-cleared-saraki-code-of-conduct-tribunal.html.
The Guardian, 2015, ‘Editorial: Buhari’s complaints against the judiciary’, The Guardian, https://guardian.ng/opinion/buharis-complaints-against-the-judiciary/, 14 December.
The Nation, 2017, ‘Whistleblow arraigned for giving false report’, 14 July, p. 7.
The Punch, 2017, ‘Is judiciary to blame for failed corruption cases?’, 20 June, p. 2.
Richards, O., 2017, ‘Bala Mohammed seeks release of personal effects from EFCC sealed house’, The Guardian, 5 July, p. 43.
Rose-Ackerman, S., 2004, ‘Governance and Corruption’, in B. Lomborg, ed., Global Crises, Global Solutions, Cambridge University Press.
Rothstein, B. and Uslaner, E.M., 2005, ‘All for all: equality, corruption and social trust’, World Politics 58: 41–73.
Tocqueville, A. de, 1991 [1835], Democracy in America, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Mayer and M. Lerner, translated by G. Lawrence, Norwalk, CT: Easton Press. UN, 2016, Bibliography of Corruption in Nigeria, Abuja: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Country Office Nigeria.
United Nations Security Council (UNSC), 2004, The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies: Report of the Secretary-General, UNSC, UN Doc. S/2004/616 at 4, New York: United Nations Security Council.
Vanguard, 2016, ‘Lawyers divided over judges’ arrest by DSS, 10 October, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/lawyers-divided-judges-arrest dss/.
Williams-Smith, W., 2017, ‘Ex-PDP ministers condemn raid of ex-VP Sambo’s residence’, Today, 4 July.
You, J., 2006, ‘A comparative study of income inequality, corruption and social trust: How inequality and corruption reinforce each other and erode social trust’, PhD dissertation, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Yusuf, U., 2017, ‘Appeal court acquits Bala Ngilari, ex-Adamawa gov’, Vanguard, 21 July, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/appeal-court-acquits-bala-ngilari-ex-adamawa-gov/.