3 - The Turbulent 2010s: A Historical Draft
Corresponding Author(s) : Paul Tiyambe Zeleza
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 45 No 1 (2020): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Les années 2010 ont été une décennie exceptionnellement turbulente, caractérisée par des changements complexes et contradictoires aux niveaux local, régional et mondial. Les changements ont affecté tous les domaines, du politique à l’économique, ainsi que les dimensions sociale, culturelle et environnementale de la société mondiale. Cet article identifie et analyse six tendances importantes de la trajectoire historique de cette période. Premièrement, la décennie a été marquée par une intense polarisation politique dans de nombreux pays; deuxièmement, il y eut les récessions démocratiques et la résistance en certains lieux ; troisièmement, c’était les inégalités économiques et le déséquilibre croissants; la quatrième était le changement de hiérarchies et des hégémonies mondiales; cinquièmement, il y avait l'émergence du capitalisme de surveillance; et la dernière fut la rébellion de la nature, évidente dans les conditions météorologiques extrêmes et les luttes mondiales contre le changement climatique. En analysant ces tendances, l'article tente de donner un sens aux complexités désordonnées, aux contradictions troublantes et aux changements massifs des diverses conjonctures historiques de la modernité.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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Les références
Abramowitz, M. J. 2018., “Democracy in Crisis: Freedom in the World 2018.”Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2018_Final_SinglePage.pdf.
Credit Suisse. Global Wealth Report 2018. 2018. https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/publications/research-institute/global-wealthreport-2018-en.pdf
European Union Commission. 2016., General Data Protection Regulation. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504&from=EN
Fukuyama, Francis. 1992., The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
International Labour Organization. 2019. World Employment Social Outlook Trends 2019. Geneva: International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–dgreports/–dcomm/–publ/documents/publication/wcms_670542.pdf
International Monetary Fund. 2018. “IMF DataMapper.” https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD.
Laurent, Claire. 2013. FEMICIDE: The Killing of Women and Girls Around the World. Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Office. https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Claire-Laurent.pdf
Oxfam. 2015., Wealth: Having It All and Wanting More. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/338125/ib-wealth-having-allwanting-more-190115-en.pdf;jsessionid=3632B6E6986C434FADD0C61E506D145F?sequence=8
Oxfam. 2017., An Economy for the 99%. https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/bp-economy-for-99-percent-160117-summ-en.pdf
Oxfam. 2019. Time to Care. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf
Piketty, Thomas. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
United Nations Development Program. 2019. Human Development Report 2019. New York: UNDP.
Jacques, Martin. 2019. “This decade belonged to China. So will the next one,” The Guardian, 31 December. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/31/decade-china-west-china-ascent?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
The Economist. 2019. Inequality Illusions. 30th November.
The Economist. 2020. “Chinese Technology: From the people who brought you fireworks…” January 4.
The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2017. Democracy Index 2017 “Free speech under attack”, http://www.eiu.com/Handlers/WhitepaperHandler.ashx?fi=Democracy_Index_2017.pdf&mode=wp&campaignid=DemocracyIndex2017.
World Bank. 2018. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 : Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
World Wealth Report 2019. 2019. https://worldwealthreport.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2019/07/World-Wealth-Report-2019-1.pdf
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2014. The Resurgence of Africa: Domestic, Global, and Diaspora Transformations. Los Angeles: Tsehai.
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2018. “End of Empire: Hegemonic Shifts in the World System,” The Elephant, 28 June. https://www.theelephant.info/features/2018/06/28/endof-empire-hegemonic-shifts-in-global-power/
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “Africa’s persistent struggles for development and democracy in a multipolar world,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 53, 1: 155-170.
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2019. “The Fourth Industrial Revolution and African Universities,” The Elephant, October 17. https://www.theelephant.info/ideas/2019/10/17/gen-z-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-africanuniversities/