6 - Impact Pathways of Weather Information for Smallholder Farmers: A Qualitative ex ante Analysis
Corresponding Author(s) : Rosaine N. Yegbemey
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 45 No 4 (2020): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cet article explore de manière ex ante les éventuels mécanismes d’impact d’une intervention hypothétique qui consisterait à fournir des informations météorologiques aux producteurs agricoles. Une approche qualitative basée sur les informations recueillies lors des discussions de groupe dans trois villages avec les producteurs et les agents de vulgarisation agricole afin d’élaborer une théorie du changement a été utilisée. Les résultats suggèrent que fournir aux producteurs des informations sur les conditions météorologiques favoriserait une prise de décision plus appropriée dans l’allocation de leurs ressources de production. L’intervention contribuerait à l’obtention de rendements et de revenus plus élevés et par voie de conséquence, à offrir de meilleures conditions d’existence aux producteurs et à leur ménage. Divers types d’informations météorologiques sont potentiellement utiles pour les producteurs. Il existe aussi plusieurs options en termes de canaux de diffusion de l’information. Certains de ces canaux sont basés sur les réseaux sociaux locaux alors que d’autres s’appuient sur les technologies de l’information et de la communication. Chaque canal présente des atouts et des faiblesses et la meilleure approche dépendra probablement de l’environnement socio-économique de la zone d’intervention. Un certain nombre d’hypothèses et/ou de conditions doivent être en place pour une intervention efficace. Par exemple, les informations météorologiques doivent être précises, disponibles en temps utile et faciles à utiliser (lire et interpréter). De plus, les mécanismes d’impact possibles décrits doivent être testés de manière rigoureuse par la recherche.
Mots-clés
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- Aker, J. C. and Mbiti, I. M., 2010, ‘Mobile phones and economic development in Africa’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (3): 207–32.
- Akter, S., Rutsaert, P., Luis, J., Htwe, N. M., San, S. S., Raharjo, B. and Pustika, A., 2017, ‘Women’s empowerment and gender equity in agriculture: a different perspective from Southeast Asia’, Food Policy 69: 270–79.
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- Asongu, S., 2015, ‘The impact of mobile phone penetration on African inequality’,International Journal of Social Economics 42 (8): 706–16.
- Babbie, E., 2011, The Basics of Social Research, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- Bernard, H. R., 2011, Research Methods in Anthropology, 5th Edition, AltaMira Press.
- Braun, V. and Clarke, V., 2006, ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.
- Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A. and Ringler, C., 2009, ‘Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints’, Environmental Science and Policy 12 (4): 413–26.
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- Gielen, P. M., Hoeve, A. and Nieuwenhuis, L. F. M., 2003, ‘Learning entrepreneurs: learning and innovation in small companies’, European Educational Research Journal 2 (1): 90–106.
- Koutsouris, A., 2010, ‘The emergence of the intra-rural digital divide: a critical review of the adoption of ICTs in rural areas and the farming community’, Symposium – 9th European IFSA 2010, available at: http:// www.infomediary4d.com/wp-content/uploads/Infomediaries Athens1.pdf.
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- Lokeswari, K., 2016, ‘A study of the use of ICT among rural farmers’, International Journal of Communication 6 (3): 2–38.
- Martin, P. Y. and Turner, B. A., 1986, ‘Grounded theory and organizational research’, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 22 (2): 141–57
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- Odiaka, E., 2015, ‘Perception of the influence of home videos on youth farmers in Makurdi, Nigeria’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Information 16 (4): 337–46.
- Oladele, O. I., 2015, ‘Effect of information communication technology (ICT) on agricultural information access among extension officers in North West province South Africa’, S.Afr. Tydskr. Landbouvoorl./S. Afr. J. Agric. Ext. 43 (2): 30–41.
- Ritchie, J. and Lewis, J., 2012 [2003], Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, London: Sage.
- Roudier, P., Muller, B., d’Aquino, P., Roncoli, C., Soumaré, M. A., Batté, L. and Sultan, B., 2014, ‘The role of climate forecasts in smallholder agriculture: lessons from participatory research in two communities in Senegal’, Climate Risk Management 2: 42–55.
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2012, Research Methods for Business Students, 6th Edition, Harlow (UK): Pearson Education.
- Singh, K. M., Kumar, A. and Singh, R., 2015, ‘Role of information and communication technologies in Indian agriculture: an overview’, available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2570710.
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Les références
Adamides, G., Stylianou, A., Kosmas, P. C. and Apostolopoulos, C. D., 2013, ‘Factors affecting PC and internet usage by the rural population of Cyprus’, Agricultural Economics Review 14 (1): 16.
Aker, J. C. and Mbiti, I. M., 2010, ‘Mobile phones and economic development in Africa’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (3): 207–32.
Akter, S., Rutsaert, P., Luis, J., Htwe, N. M., San, S. S., Raharjo, B. and Pustika, A., 2017, ‘Women’s empowerment and gender equity in agriculture: a different perspective from Southeast Asia’, Food Policy 69: 270–79.
Asenso-Okyere, K. and Mekonnen, D., 2012, ‘The importance of ICTs in the provision of information for improving agricultural productivity and rural incomes in Africa’, African Human Development 2012, available at: http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rba/docs/Working Papers/ICT Productivity.pdf.
Asongu, S., 2015, ‘The impact of mobile phone penetration on African inequality’,International Journal of Social Economics 42 (8): 706–16.
Babbie, E., 2011, The Basics of Social Research, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Bernard, H. R., 2011, Research Methods in Anthropology, 5th Edition, AltaMira Press.
Braun, V. and Clarke, V., 2006, ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.
Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A. and Ringler, C., 2009, ‘Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints’, Environmental Science and Policy 12 (4): 413–26.
Bryan, E., Ringler, C., Okoba, B., Roncoli, C., Silvestri, S. and Herrero, M., 2013, ‘Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: household strategies and determinants’, Journal of Environmental Management 114: 26–35.
Chiappetta, M., Hamza, A., Nagarajan, G. and Zaman, L., 2015, Systematic Review of the Effects of Information and Communications Technology on Expanding Agricultural Markets in Developing Countries.
Demombynes, G. and Thegeya, A., 2012, ‘Kenya’s mobile revolution and the promise of mobile savings’, available at: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-5988.
FAO, 2017, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agriculture. A Report to the G20 Agricultural Deputies. Prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7961e.pdf.George, G., Simba,F. and Zaipuna, O. Y., 2014, ‘ICT as a tool for improving information flow among livestock stakeholders: a case study of Tanzania’, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security 12 (8): 118–28.
Gielen, P. M., Hoeve, A. and Nieuwenhuis, L. F. M., 2003, ‘Learning entrepreneurs: learning and innovation in small companies’, European Educational Research Journal 2 (1): 90–106.
Koutsouris, A., 2010, ‘The emergence of the intra-rural digital divide: a critical review of the adoption of ICTs in rural areas and the farming community’, Symposium – 9th European IFSA 2010, available at: http:// www.infomediary4d.com/wp-content/uploads/Infomediaries Athens1.pdf.
Kurukulasuriya, P. and Mendelsohn, R., 2008, ‘A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland’, African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2 (1): 1–23.
Lokeswari, K., 2016, ‘A study of the use of ICT among rural farmers’, International Journal of Communication 6 (3): 2–38.
Martin, P. Y. and Turner, B. A., 1986, ‘Grounded theory and organizational research’, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 22 (2): 141–57
Mendelsohn, R., Nordhaus, W. and Shaw, D., 1994, ‘The impact of global warming on agriculture: a Ricardian analysis’, American Economic Review 84 (4): 753–71.
Munyua, H., 2007, ‘ICTs and small-scale agriculture in Africa: a scoping study’, available at: http://agris.fao.org/agrissearch/search.do?recordID=GB2013201719.
Mwombe, S. O. L., Mugivane, F. I., Adolwa, I. S. and Nderitu, J. H., 2014, ‘Evaluation of information and communication technology utilization by small holder banana farmers in Gatanga District, Kenya’, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 20 (2): 247–61.
Odiaka, E., 2015, ‘Perception of the influence of home videos on youth farmers in Makurdi, Nigeria’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Information 16 (4): 337–46.
Oladele, O. I., 2015, ‘Effect of information communication technology (ICT) on agricultural information access among extension officers in North West province South Africa’, S.Afr. Tydskr. Landbouvoorl./S. Afr. J. Agric. Ext. 43 (2): 30–41.
Ritchie, J. and Lewis, J., 2012 [2003], Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, London: Sage.
Roudier, P., Muller, B., d’Aquino, P., Roncoli, C., Soumaré, M. A., Batté, L. and Sultan, B., 2014, ‘The role of climate forecasts in smallholder agriculture: lessons from participatory research in two communities in Senegal’, Climate Risk Management 2: 42–55.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2012, Research Methods for Business Students, 6th Edition, Harlow (UK): Pearson Education.
Singh, K. M., Kumar, A. and Singh, R., 2015, ‘Role of information and communication technologies in Indian agriculture: an overview’, available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2570710.
Swanson, B. and Rajalahti, R., 2010, ‘Strengthening agricultural extension and advisory systems’, available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23993/56587Ar.pdf sequence=3.
Tall, A., Coulibaly, J. Y. and Diop, M., 2018, ‘Do climate services make a difference? A review of evaluation methodologies and practices to assess the value of climate information services for farmers: implications for Africa’, Climate Services 11: 1–12.